Trends in Microbiome and Digital One Health

As we embark on a sustainable space exploration, our interactions with build and natural environments beyond Earth's boundaries assume growing significance. This prompts us to extend the One Health concept to the outer reaches of the anthroposphere, encompassing the broader context of space exploration. In this context, Kalamiella is so far the only novel bacterial genus to be initially identified aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in 2019. Albeit initial bioinformatic analysis of the type strain predicted no genetic markers of virulence, we have since become aware of over 12 invasive infections including bacteraemia, meningitis, pneumonia. All human associated isolates exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. In late 2022, we provided the first complete genome for the genera/species isolated from the saliva of an outpatient who was prescribed the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. The isolate carried a hypervirulence associated plasmid (513 Kb) encoding for homologues of the siderophores aerobactin and vibriobactin. Since then we have characterised a collection of over 45 K. piersonii isolates gaining our first insights into the antimicrobial resistance properties, virulence and spatial-temporal distribution of this novel and unusual human pathogen.