Trends in Microbiome and Digital One Health

Abstract:

The extreme ecosystems are frequently exposed to harsh conditions, such as significant temperature fluctuations, low humidity, high UV irradiation, high salinity, and several combinations of extremes, and also present particular nutritional, chemical, physical, and biological traits that certainly affect the microbial diversity and metabolic activities of the microbes thriving in these sites. Because of the unique and versatile metabolism to thrive in extreme conditions, extremophiles are considered candidates with high potential to offer sources for (novel) bioproducts, such as genes, metabolisms, enzymes, pigments, antimicrobial substances, and surfactants, to be applied in a great diversity of biotechnology areas, including oil company, agriculture, food, pharmaceutical and medical and space industries. Besides the biotechnological application of extremophiles, studying extreme microbes contributes to studies related to Astrobiology. We will present case studies, highlighting Saudi Arabian extreme environments as a reservoir of novel extremophilic microbes and exploiting the microbiomes thriving in harsh conditions as an innovative source of novel microbial products that can contribute to One Heath and planetary health. I also will discuss their application in biotechnology, evolution, life boundaries, and astrobiology.